FIAN Terra
FIAN-Terra holder til i Oslo ble opprettet våren 2003. Gruppa består av Stine B. Olsson, Gunvald Steen og Thore Anton Bredeveien. Gruppa følger to saker i India, èn i Kerala og èn i Uttar Pradesh. Begge sakene dreier seg om at retten til mat er truet som en følge av manglende omfordeling av jord.
Manglende implementering av jordreform i UP-India
Chitrakoot er et distrikt i delstaten Uttar Pradesh i India. I dette distriktet støtter FIAN-Norge urbefolkningens kamp for jord. Adivasiene, som er samlebetegnelsen for urbefolkningen i India, er blant landets fattigste grupper. I generasjoner har de livnært seg av mat fra skogen og drevet vekseljordbruk. De siste årene har næringsgrunnlaget til adivasifolket i Chitrakoot gradvis forsvunnet og hovedårsaken til dette er forverret tilgang til jord.
I 2003 besøkte representanter fra FIAN-Norge og FIAN-Uttar Pradesh fem landsbyer i Chitrakoot-distriktet for å dokumentere årsaker til brudd på adivasienes rett til mat. De utvalgte landsbyene var Elha, Shakroha, Jaromuafi, Moutwan og Jagarnathpuram. Tradisjonelt har urbefolkningen her levd i landsbyer hvor jorda har vært felleseie, og hvor de har levd av en kombinasjon av vekseljordbruk og høsting av skogprodukter. For å sikre distribusjon av jord til den fattige delen av befolkningen, deriblant adivasiene, har myndighetene i Uttar Pradesh innført jordreformen “Land Ceiling Act”. Reformen sier at ingen skal kunne eie mer enn 72 mål jord og at jord utover dette skal distribueres til jordløse. Implementering av denne jordreformen vil være med på å sikre næringsgrunnlaget til adivasifolket og verne om deres tradisjonelle levemåte.
Til tross for utarbeidelsen av jordreformen blir den ikke fulgt i Chitrakoot-distriktet. Enkeltpersoner eier fremdeles langt mer enn de har lov til og størsteparten av befolkningen, som tilhører lavere kaster, er stort sett jordløse. Dette blir oversett av lokale myndigheter. I tillegg har myndighetene besluttet å verne et stort skogsområde som adivasiene tidligere kunne høste fra eller benytte til beiteland. Uten tilgang til verken skog eller jord lever de derfor i fattigdom, og har store problemer med å fø seg selv.
Besøket i Chitrakoot-distriktet ga et innblikk i den vanskelige situasjonen adivasiene lever under. Dersom delstatsmyndighetene i Uttar Pradesh etterstreber implementering av jordreformen “Land Ceiling Act” og gir adivasiene tilgang til beiteland og skogområder vil situasjonen kunne bedres. Dette er gjort i nabodelstaten Andhra Pradesh, kun noen få kilometer fra Chitrakoot. Adivasiene bør også defineres som en “scheduled tribe”, urbefolkning, og dermed gis utvidede rettigheter. Å bli definert som urbefolkning vil si at myndighetene søker å sikre at adivasienes tradisjonelle levemåte blir opprettholdt.
FIANs hovedkrav til lokale myndigheter i Uttar Pradesh er at jorda blir distribuert i henhold til “Land Ceiling Act”. FIAN-Norge vil følge opp denne saken gjennom brev og kontakt med relevante myndigheter. Vår søsterorganisasjon i Uttar Pradesh oppdaterer oss på situasjonen.
Klikk her for å se et av brevene gruppa har sendt til myndighetene i Uttar Pradesh
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